In 1856, three years before the
publication of Charles Darwin’s
On the Origin of Species, a group of miners uncovered human fossils in a limestone cave in the Neander Valley of northern Germany—what would later be named Neanderthal 1, the first specimen to be recognized as belonging to another, archaic species of human. We have been trying to understand as much as possible about our mysterious cousins ever since. To do so, experts have consulted two major lines of evidence: the hundreds of bones and stone tools found to date, scattered from Spain and England to the Altai Mountains, and, much more recently, genomic data and inferences drawn from statistical models.
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/09/neanderthals-lost-history/540507/
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